電動(dòng)扳手是指擰緊和旋松螺栓及螺母的電動(dòng)工具，是一種擰緊高強(qiáng)度螺栓的工具。用于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)橋梁、廠房建筑、化工、發(fā)電設(shè)備安裝大六角頭高強(qiáng)度螺栓施工的初擰、終擰和扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓的初擰，以及對(duì)螺栓緊固件的扭矩或軸向力有嚴(yán)格要求的場(chǎng)合。
Electric wrench is an electric tool for tightening and loosening bolts and nuts. It is a tool for tightening high strength bolts. It is used for the initial tightening and final tightening of large hexagon head high strength bolts in the installation of steel structure bridges, factory buildings, chemical industry and power generation equipment, as well as the initial tightening of torsional shear type high strength bolts, and the occasions where there are strict requirements on the torque or axial force of bolt fasteners.
電動(dòng)扳手的產(chǎn)品名稱型號(hào)不同，用途使用范圍也不同。這里介紹定轉(zhuǎn)矩電動(dòng)扳手，供使用參考。
The product name and model of electric wrench are different, and the application range is also different. This paper introduces the constant torque electric wrench for reference.
電動(dòng)扳手簡(jiǎn)述
Brief introduction of electric wrench
定轉(zhuǎn)矩電動(dòng)扳手是一種能自動(dòng)控制轉(zhuǎn)矩的電動(dòng)扳手。它適用于需要用高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接的橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)、大型鋼塔、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房、冶金設(shè)備的構(gòu)架、大型起重機(jī)架、礦井鋼架等工程中及大型柴油機(jī)、發(fā)電設(shè)備、化工設(shè)備中，要求恒定的夾緊力連接的螺栓也可用定轉(zhuǎn)矩扳手來(lái)緊固。
Constant torque electric wrench is a kind of electric wrench which can control the torque automatically. It is suitable for the bridge structure, large steel tower, steel structure workshop, metallurgical equipment frame, large crane frame, mine steel frame and other projects that need to be connected with high-strength bolts, as well as large diesel engine, power generation equipment and chemical equipment. The bolts that require constant clamping force can also be fastened with constant torque wrench.
特別在現(xiàn)代橋梁建設(shè)中，定轉(zhuǎn)矩電動(dòng)扳手是實(shí)現(xiàn)以“栓焊梁”代替“鉚焊梁”的有效工具。這對(duì)簡(jiǎn)化工地安裝工序、降低建橋成本、減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，從而加速橋梁建設(shè)具有較大的意義。
Especially in modern bridge construction, constant torque electric wrench is an effective tool to replace riveted beam with "bolted beam". It is of great significance to simplify the site installation process, reduce the cost of bridge construction, reduce the labor intensity and accelerate the bridge construction.
定轉(zhuǎn)矩電動(dòng)扳手的轉(zhuǎn)矩以電氣裝置來(lái)進(jìn)行控制。這種電動(dòng)扳手具有耗電量少、噪聲小、調(diào)節(jié)靈活、能自動(dòng)停機(jī)、轉(zhuǎn)矩穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
The torque of constant torque electric wrench is controlled by electric device. The electric wrench has the advantages of low power consumption, low noise, flexible adjustment, automatic shutdown and stable torque.
我國(guó)自行設(shè)計(jì)、制造的120kgf·m定轉(zhuǎn)矩電動(dòng)扳手是一種靜轉(zhuǎn)矩結(jié)構(gòu)的扳手。它可作為高強(qiáng)度螺栓的終擰工具，即把初擰過的螺栓再擰到規(guī)定的力矩。
The 120kgf · m constant torque electric wrench designed and manufactured by our country is a kind of wrench with static torque structure. It can be used as the final tightening tool for high strength bolts, that is, to screw the initially tightened bolts to the specified torque.
電動(dòng)扳手是裝卸螺紋聯(lián)接件的手持式電動(dòng)工具，廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、拖拉機(jī)、電機(jī)電器、動(dòng)力機(jī)械、閥門、水泵、紡織機(jī)械等制造業(yè)的裝配工作中，在化工、水泥預(yù)制件、塑料成型等作業(yè)中則用于生產(chǎn)流程中裝拆真空罐、反應(yīng)釜和水泥模板、帶螺紋塑料件的脫模工作；也可用在鐵道、橋梁、建筑等工程中作水泥軌枕、桁架節(jié)點(diǎn)、角鋼腳手架等結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝、檢修和拆換工作。
Electric wrench is a hand-held electric tool for loading and unloading threaded connectors. It is widely used in the assembly work of automobile, tractor, motor and electrical appliances, power machinery, valve, water pump, textile machinery and other manufacturing industries. In the chemical industry, cement prefabrication, plastic molding and other operations, it is used to assemble and disassemble vacuum tanks, reactors and cement templates in the production process Demoulding of threaded plastic parts; It can also be used for the installation, maintenance and replacement of cement sleepers, truss joints, angle steel scaffolds and other structures in railway, bridge, construction and other projects.
電動(dòng)扳手原理
Principle of electric wrench
當(dāng)螺母的端面與工件端面接觸后，阻力矩急劇上升，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的螺旋槽使?jié)L珠帶著主動(dòng)沖擊塊克服摩擦力和工作彈簧的壓力向后移動(dòng)，使主動(dòng)沖擊塊與從動(dòng)沖擊塊互相嚙合的牙脫離嚙合。此時(shí)，從動(dòng)沖擊塊不移動(dòng)，而主動(dòng)沖擊塊繼續(xù)向后移動(dòng)。在轉(zhuǎn)過從動(dòng)沖擊塊的牙后，由于工作彈簧的作用使主動(dòng)沖擊塊瞬時(shí)前移，并沿螺旋槽產(chǎn)生一個(gè)角加速度，主動(dòng)沖擊塊撞擊從動(dòng)沖擊塊，兩牙產(chǎn)生碰撞。然后螺旋槽又使?jié)L珠和主動(dòng)沖擊塊后移，脫離嚙合。這樣周而復(fù)始產(chǎn)生一次又一次的碰撞，獲得所需的沖擊力矩，使螺母緊固。
When the end face of the nut contacts with the end face of the workpiece, the resistance moment rises sharply, and the rotating spiral groove makes the ball with the active impact block move backward to overcome the friction and the pressure of the working spring, so that the teeth of the active impact block and the driven impact block are out of mesh. At this time, the driven impactor does not move, while the active impactor continues to move backward. After turning the teeth of the driven impactor, due to the action of the working spring, the active impactor moves forward instantaneously and generates an angular acceleration along the spiral groove. The active impactor impacts the driven impactor and the two teeth collide. Then the spiral groove makes the ball and the active impact block move back and out of mesh. In this way, repeated collisions are produced, and the required impact torque is obtained to tighten the nut.
如將電源開關(guān)接到反轉(zhuǎn)位置即可擰出螺母。雙重絕緣單相串勵(lì)電動(dòng)扳手在操作手柄上裝有兩只開關(guān)。一只為工作開關(guān)，是操縱起動(dòng)和停止的；另一只是專門為改變電樞正反轉(zhuǎn)而設(shè)置的，兩只開關(guān)不可接反。
If the power switch is connected to the reverse position, the nut can be screwed out. The double insulation single-phase series excitation electric wrench is equipped with two switches on the operating handle. One is the working switch, which controls the start and stop; The other is specially designed to change the armature forward and reverse, and the two switches can not be connected reversely.
